Basic Concepts of Research Methodology

Abstract

Research methodology is a fundamental element in scientific activities, serving as a systematic framework for obtaining valid, objective, and scientifically accountable knowledge. The basic concepts of research methodology encompass an understanding of the nature of research, the philosophical foundations of science, scientific approaches, and the methods and techniques used in the research process. In practice, research methodology plays a crucial role in determining the direction of research, from problem formulation and objective determination to the selection of research approaches (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed), to data collection and analysis techniques. Mistakes in methodology selection can impact the validity and reliability of research results. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the basic concepts of research methodology is a primary need for researchers, particularly in the fields of education and social sciences. This article aims to examine the basic concepts of research methodology as theoretical and practical guidelines for compiling and conducting scientific research. The discussion focuses on methodological principles, types of research, and systematic research stages. By understanding the basic concepts of research methodology, researchers are expected to be able to produce high-quality scientific work that makes academic contributions and is relevant to the needs of scientific development and problem-solving in society.