Problem Based Learning

Abstract

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a student-centered learning model that uses real-world problems as the starting point of the learning process. This model encourages students to think critically, analyze problems, collaborate with others, and find solutions either independently or in groups. This paper aims to examine the concept, theoretical foundations, characteristics, objectives, steps, advantages, disadvantages, as well as the challenges and solutions in implementing Problem-Based Learning. The method used is a literature review that analyzes various theories and expert opinions. The results show that PBL can improve higher-order thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, communication skills, collaboration, and students’ learning independence. In addition, PBL helps students connect theoretical knowledge with real-life situations, making learning more meaningful and contextual. However, the implementation of PBL faces several challenges, such as time constraints, readiness of both teachers and students, uneven participation, limited learning resources, and the complexity of assessment. Therefore, careful planning, appropriate problem selection, and strong teacher competence as facilitators are required to ensure effective and optimal implementation of PBL.