Digital Transformation in Learning Assessment: Challenges, Trends, and Teacher Readiness for Curriculum Implementation in Indonesia

Abstract

The digital transformation of education in Indonesia has accelerated significantly, driven by curriculum reforms and the increasing integration of technology into learning assessment practices. This study aims to examine current trends in the use of digital assessment platforms, identify the major challenges encountered in their implementation, and analyze teachers' readiness to adapt to evolving assessment paradigms. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted by analyzing 20 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2019 and 2026. The findings indicate that the use of interactive digital platforms, such as Google Forms, Quizizz, and Kahoot, has enhanced students' engagement, concentration, and learning motivation, with several studies reporting improvements of up to 78%. Furthermore, the implementation of e-Rapor has strengthened transparency and accountability in student assessment through its integration with the Dapodik education database. Nevertheless, the implementation of digital assessment continues to face several challenges, including the predominance of summative assessment practices, disparities in technological infrastructure between urban and rural schools, limited digital competencies among senior teachers, and the increasing administrative workload associated with assessment management. Based on these findings, this study recommends the development of standardized indicators for teachers' digital assessment literacy that reflect authentic classroom practices, as well as the design of more inclusive, artificial intelligence (AI)-supported diagnostic assessment systems to enhance the quality and effectiveness of future educational assessment.