The Study of Indonesian Phonology, Spelling, Morphology, and Syntax in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and Elementary School Learning

Abstract

This article examines four fundamental linguistic aspects of the Indonesian language, namely phonology, spelling, morphology, and syntax, as well as their implementation in teaching and learning at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) and Elementary School (SD) levels. These four aspects constitute essential components that students need to master as the foundation of comprehensive Indonesian language literacy. Through a literature review and theoretical analysis, this article describes the fundamental concepts of each linguistic aspect, identifies various challenges faced by teachers and students in the learning process, and formulates effective, contextual, and age-appropriate instructional strategies. The findings indicate that the teaching of phonology, spelling, morphology, and syntax is more effective when implemented in an integrated, contextual, and student-centered manner. Furthermore, MI/SD teachers are required to possess adequate knowledge of basic linguistics and the ability to design engaging, interactive, and meaningful learning activities. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more effective and higher-quality Indonesian language instruction at the MI/SD level.